A
ac conj: but 11, 43, 115, 119, 132
afysed: urged, impelled, excited, inspired, driven (afysan) 125
aheawan: cut down, cut up, trim into timber 29
ahof: raised up, lifted up, supported, exalted (ahebban) 44
ahofon: raised up, lifted up, supported, exalted (ahebban) 61
ana wk adj?; adv?: alone 123, 128
anforht adj: frightened, fearful 117
anwealda m: ruler, sovereign 153
aræred: lifted up, set up, raised, erected (aræran) 44
aras: arose, ascended (arisan) 101
asettan: set, place, put 32, 142
astag: ascended, rose, mounted, proceeded (astigan) 103
astyrian: move, raise, rouse, make anxious 30
Æ
æfentid f: evening time, eventide 68
æfter prep: after, in consequence of 65
ælmihtig adj: almighty, omnipotent 39, 60, 93, 98, 106, 153, 156
ænig pron: any, anyone 110, 117
ær adv and conj: before, earlier, formerly 114, 118, 137, 145, 154
ærgewin n: former strife, long-ago battle 19
ærur compar adv: earlier, before, formerly 108
ætgædere adv: together, at the same time 48
æðeling m: man, prince, noble 58
B
gebad: endured, experienced (gebidan) 125
gebæd: prayed (reflex. with dat.; gebiddan) 122
bæron: bore, carried (beran) 32
beacen n: sign, signal, token, portent, banner, beacon 6, 21, 83, 118
bealuwaras m pl: evil people; dwellers in iniquity; evil inhabitants 79
beam m: beam, tree, piece of wood, cross 6, 97, 114, 122
bedealf: dig around, bury (bedelfan) 75
begoten: drenched, anointed, flooded with, sprinkled with (begeotan) 7, 49
behealdan: behold, gaze at, see 9, 11, 25, 58, 64
beorg m: mountain, hill; mound, barrow, burial place 32, 50
beorhtost superl adj: brightest, most excellent, most beautiful, most glorious, most holy 6
beorn m: man, warrior, chief, prince 32, 42, 66
beran: bear, carry, bring, wear 118
berstan: break to pieces, break, fail, burst, escape 36
bestemed past part adj: drenched, flooded (bestyman) 22, 48
beswyled past part adj: drenched, flooded (beswylian) 23
bewindan: wind about, envelope, entwine, encircle, surround 5
bewrigen past part: hidden, concealed, protected, clothed (bewreon) 17, 53
gebiddaþ: pray (reflex. w/ dat.; gebiddan) 83
gebiden past part: awaited, expected; endured, experienced 50, 79
bifian: tremble, shake, quake 36, 42
bled m: glory, splendour, riches; inspiration, spirit 149
bleo n: colour, appearance, form 22
blis(s) f: bliss, joy, merriment, cause of happiness 139, 141
bliðe adj: joyful, happy; agreeable, willing; peaceful, gentle 122
breost pl noun: chest, breast, bosom, mind, thought 118
gebringe: may bring, should take (gebringan) 139
brucan: enjoy, possess, partake of (with gen.) 144
bryne m: burning, fire, flame 149
bugan: bow down, stoop, sink; give way, submit 36, 42
byrigde: buried (byr(i)gan); tasted (bir(i)gan) 101
bysmerian: mock, revile, shame, disgrace, defile 48
C
colode: cooled, became cold (colian) 72
crist m: Christ, the Annointed One 56, 116
cumen past part: come, arrived (cuman) 80
com, cwom: came (cuman) 151, 155
cynn n: kin, kind, race, gender 94
cyst m: choice, free will; (with gen.) choice, the best; virtue, goodness 1
D
deman: judge, decide, sentence, consider 107
domdæg m: judgement day, doomsday 105
dom m: judgement, law, justice, determination, glory, power, majesty 107
dorste: dared, presumed (durran) 35, 42, 45, 47
dream m: joy, delight, mirth; singing, music 133, 140, 144
gedrefed past part adj: troubled, afflicted (drefan) 20,59
dryhten m: ruler, lord; the Lord, God 9, 35, 64, 75, 101, 105, 113, 136, 140, 144
E
ealdgewyrht: old deed, former action, ancient transgression 100
ealdor m: elder, leader, lord, king 90
eall adj or adv: all, entirely 6, 12, 20, 62, 82, 94
ealle adv or pl adj: all, entirely 9, 37, 74, 93, 128
ealra adj gen pl: of all, in all 125
earm adj: miserable, wretched; (as noun) miserable one, wretched one 19, 68
eaðmod adj: humble, gentle, obedient, friendly, gracious 60
eft adv: after, again, back 68, 101, 103
egeslic adj: frightening, fearful, dreadful, terrible 74
ellen n: courage, strength, valour, zeal 34, 60, 123
ende m: end, boundary, edge (of a forest, e.g.) 29
eorðe, eorþe f: earth, ground, soil, world, country 37, 42, 74, 137, 145
eorðweg m: earthly journey, earthly path 120
eðel m: native land, homeland, ancestral home 156
F
fæger adj: fair, beautiful 8, 10, 21, 73
fæste adv: firmly, securely 38, 43
fæstnian: secure, make fast, fasten 33
fah adj or noun: stained, spattered; guilty, criminal; enemy, foe 13
fea adv: little, hardly at all 115
feond m: enemy, adversary, foe; fiend, devil 30, 33, 38
feorgbold n: body (feorg is life or spirit; bold is building, dwelling-place, temple) 73
gefetige: should fetch, may take away (fetian) 138
folc n: folk, people, nation, tribe, army 140
folde f: earth, ground, land, country, world 8, 43, 132
forgeaf: granted, gave; forgave (forgiefan) 147
forhtian: become afraid, be timid, be fearful 115
forleton: lost, neglected, abandoned, left (forlætan) 61
forð adv: forth, forward, further, away 54, 132
forþan conj or adv: for that reason, on that account, therefore 84
forwunded, forwundod past part adj: (badly) wounded 14, 62
forðgesceaft f: creation, created being; future state, future condition 10
forðweg m: journey, departure, way forth 125
fracod n?: wicked person, criminal, abomination; disgrace, insult 10
frea m: lord, king, master, the Lord, God 33
gefrunon: found out, discovered (gefrignan) 76
fus adj: eager, ready, willing, expectant; brave, noble; ready to depart, dying 21, 57
fyllan: fell, cause to fall 73
gefyllan: fell, cause to fall, strike down, defeat, destroy 38
G
galan: sing, call, cry, scream 67
gang m: going, way, flow, stream, course 23
gast m: spirit, soul, life, being 11, 49, 152
gealga m: gallows, cross 10, 40
gealgtreow n: gallows-tree, cross 146
geara iu adv phrase: long ago, in former times 28
gegyred, gegyrwed past part adj: adorned, clothed (gegierwan) 16, 23
gimm m: gem, precious stone 7, 16
god m: God 39, 51, 60, 83, 93, 98, 106, 152, 156
greotende pres part: weeping, crying, lamenting (greotan) 70
guma m: man, hero, lord 49, 146
gyredon: decorated, bedecked, dressed, adorned (gierwan) 77
H
hælend m: the Saviour, the Healer 25
hæleð m: hero, warrior, man 39, 78, 95
halig adj: holy, sacred, saintly; (as noun) saint, holy one (can this include angels?) 11, 143, 154
ham m: home, dwelling, manor, estate 148
hand f: hand; power, control (dative and genitive singular handa) 59
hatan: command, bid, order; vow, promise; name, call 95
he pron: he 34, 40, 41, 49, 64, 69, 92, 101, 103, 107, 108, 112, 114, 147, 151
heahfæder m: the High Father (God); patriarch, church father 134
hean adj: lowly, mean, despised, miserable 40
heardost superl adj: harshest, most severe, cruellest, most violent 87
hebban: raise, lift up; exalt 31
hefig adj: heavy, serious, oppressive, grievous 61
heofen, heofon m: heaven 45, 64, 85, 103, 134, 140, 154
heofonrice n: the kingdom of heaven 91
heonon adv: hence, from here 132
heton: commanded, ordered (hatan) 31
hie pron: they, them 32, 48, 60, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 115, 116, 132
hilderinc m: (battle-) man, warrior, hero 61, 72
hine pron: him, it (acc. of 3rd pers masc sing pron) 11, 39 (reflex.), 61, 64 (reflex.)
his pron: his, of him, of it, its 49, 63, 92, 102, 106, 156
hlaford m: lord, ruler, the Lord 45
hleoðrian: make a noise; speak 26
hlifian: tower, soar, stand high 85
hnag: bowed down, bent down, fell, sank (hnigan) 59
holtwudu m: wood of the forest 91
hræw m: corpse, carcase, carrion 53, 72
hreowcearig adj: sorrowful-hearted; with emotions of repentance 25
huru adv: truly, certainly, indeed; at least; however 10
hwæðre, hwæðere conj: yet, nevertheless, still 18, 24, 38, 42, 57, 59, 70, 75, 101
gehwylc indef pron or adj: each, every, any, all 108, 136
hyht, hiht m: hope, trust, expectation, joy 126, 148
hyldan: force downwards, bend down (transitive); lean, incline, slope (intransitive) 45
I
inwidhlemm m: malicious wound 47
is: is (beon) 80, 97, 126, 129, 130, 139, 140, 141
L
lædan: lead, conduct, carry, bring 5
læne adj: transitory, temporary, perishable, frail 109, 138
langunghwil f: time of longing, period of sadness, weary time 126
laðost superl adj: most hated, most loathsome 88
leof: dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable 78, 95
lif n: life 88, 109, 126, 138, 147
lyft n?: sky, clouds, heaven 5
lysan: loose, release, free, liberate, redeem 41
M
mæg: can, am (is) able to (magan) 85, 110
mænigu, manigeo f: multitude, host, company 112
mære adj: famous, excellent, splendid 12, 69, 82
mæte adj: mean, moderate, poor, inferior 69, 124
gemætan: dream (impers with dative of dreamer) 2
mancynn n: mankind, people 33, 41, 99, 104
meahte: could, was able to (magan) 18
men, menn n pl: men, people, human beings (i-mutated plural of mann) 12, 82, 93, 96, 102, 128
meðe adj: tired, worn out, dejected 65, 69
middangeard m: world, earth 104
miht: can, are able to (magan) 78
miht f: might, power, ability 102
mihte: was able to, had power to (magan) 37
mihtig adj: mighty, strong 151
min pron: my, mine 30, 78, 95, 130
mod n: mind, heart, spirit, mood, courage 122, 130
modig adj: proud, bold, brave, impetuous, daring 41
modsefa m: spirit, heart, mind, soul 124
molde f: sand, dust, soil; world, earth, country, land 12, 82
moldern n: earth-dwelling; grave 65
mot: may, will be able to (*motan) 142
mote: might, should be able to, should have the opportunity to (*motan) 127
mundbyrd f: protection, patronage, help 130
mycel, micel adj: great, intense, much 34, 60, 65, 102, 123, 130, 139
N
genaman, genamon: seized, took (niman) 30, 60
nænig pron: none, not one, not any 47
nah: do not have (agan + ne) 131
ne negative particle: not 10, 35, 42, 45, 47, 110, 117
geniwad past part: renewed (geniwian) 148
genog adj: enough, sufficient, abundant; (with plural) many 33
nu adv: now 78, 80, 84, 95, 126, 134
O
of prep: of, from, out of 30, 49, 61, 66, 120, 133
ofer prep: over, above, across, against, beyond, throughout 12, 35, 82, 91, 94
oftor comp adv: more often 128
onbyrigan: taste, eat (with gen.) 114
onginnan: begin 19, 27, 65, 67, 73, 116
ongyrede: undressed, unclothed, stripped; clothed, dressed (ongierwan) 39
ongytan: perceive, see, understand, discover, learn 18
onlysde: released, set free, liberated (onlysan) 147
onsended past part: sent forth, sent out, yielded up 49
open adj: open, exposed, public, manifest 47
R
reordberend n: person, human being (literally, "speech-bearer") 3, 89
rest f: rest, quiet, sleep; resting place, bed 3
rice n: kingdom, rule, glory, the heavenly kingdom 119, 152
rice adj: powerful, strong, high-ranking, great 44, 131
riht adj: right, proper, appropriate, true, correct, real 89
geriht adj or past part: direct, right, upright, righteous, genuine; directed (gerihtan) 131
rod f: cross, gallows, rood 44, 56, 119, 131, 136
gerymde: opened up, cleared (geryman) 89
S
sæl m: time, season, occasion, condition 80
sare adv: sorely, grievously, painfully 59
sar adj: sore, sad, grievous, painful 80
sceadu f: shadow, darkness, shade 54
gesceaft f: creation, creature, being, existence, condition 12, 55, 82
sceal: must, shall (sculan) 119
sceat m: corner, angle; surface (of the earth), region, district 8, 37, 43
sceawode: looked at, gazed upon, saw (sceawian) 137
sceolde: had to, was obliged to (sculan)
scima m: brightness, ray, splendour; twilight, gloom 54
scir adj: bright, gleaming, shining, pure, white 54
se pron: the, that, the one 13, 42, 78, 95, 98, 107 (as relative pron.), 111, 112, 113, 145, 150
gesecan: seek, seek out, attain, approach 119
secan: search for, seek out, look for, visit, approach 104, 127
secgan: say, tell, narrate 1, 96
selest superl adj: best, most excellent, noblest 27, 118
geseted past part: seated, set down, settled, placed 141
si: may be (3rd pers subj sing of beon) 144
side adv: widely, extensively (wide ond side: far and wide) 81
gesiene adj: visible, evident, to be seen 46
sigebeam m: tree of victory, victorious tree 13, 127
sinc n: treasure, riches, jewels, gold 23
singal adj: eternal, perpetual, everlasting 141
siðfat m: journey, expedition 150
siðian: journey, go, travel 68
siððan, syððan conj or adv: as soon as, when, since, after; afterwards 1, 3, 49, 71, 142
sohton: sought, sought out, attained (secan) 133
sorg f: sorrow, pain, grief, distress, anxiety 20, 59, 80
sorhleoð n: dirge, funeral hymn, song of sorrow 67
spedig adj: successful, powerful 151
standan: stand, be situated (stod and (ge)stodon are pret sing and pl) 7, 38, 43, 62, 63, 71
gestah: climbed, mounted, ascended (gestigan) 40
staðol m: base, foundation; position, station 71
stefn m: stem, trunk, foundation; voice, sound, cry; message, summons 30, 71
gestigan: climb, mount, ascend 34
stiðmod adj: determined, resolute, brave, stern, severe 40
strang adj: strong, powerful 30, 40
swa adv and conj: as, so, in such a way , thus; so, therefore 92, 108, 114
swætan: exude liquid; sweat; bleed 20
swat m?: exuded liquid; sweat; blood 23
swefn n: sleep; dream, vision 1
swiðre comp adj: right (literally, stronger) 20
swylce adv or conj: just as, as if; also, moreover, too 8, 92
gesyhð f: sight, apparition, vision 21, 41, 66, 96
syllic adj: rare, choice, excellent, strange, wonderful 13
sym(b)el n: feast, festivity, revel 141
synn f: sin, guilt, crime 13, 99, 146
T
treow n: tree, wood, beam, cross 4, 14, 17, 25
Þ
þa pron: the, that, those 20, 27?, 46, 68, 119
þa, ða adv: then, when 27?, 33, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 61, 65, 67, 73, 90, 103, 122, 151, 155
þære pron: the, that 21, 112, 131
ðæron adv: therein, thereon 67
þe, ðe rel pron: that, which, who 86, 95, 98, 111, 113, 118, 121, 137, 145, 149, 154
þearf: need, have occasion to, be under the obligation to (þurfan) 117
þearle adv: vigorously, strongly, severely, harshly, cruelly 52
þegn m: servant, follower, retainer, warrior, hero 75
þencan: think, imagine, intend 115, 121
þeoden m: king, lord, chief; God, Christ 69
þolodan: suffered, endured (þolian) 149
þonne adv or conj: then, when 107, 115, 117, 128, 139, 142
þrowode: suffered, endured (þrowian) 84, 98, 145
þrymfæst adj: majestic, mighty, glorious 84
þurh, ðurh prep: through, by, by means of, because of 10, 18, 119, 199
þurhdrifan: push through, penetrate, pierce 46
þyncan: seem (impers. with dat. of person to whom it seems)
þysne pron: this (acc. of þes) 104
þysson: see þyssum 138
þyssum: this (dat. of þes, þis) 83, 109
U
unc pron: us (accus. of dual pronoun) 48
unforht adj: unfrightened, fearless 110
uppe adv: above, up; "uppe on" can be equivalent to upon 9
us pron: us, to or for us 73, 75, 147, 147
W
wæd f: apparel, clothing, garment, covering 15, 22
wæfersyn f: (theatrical) spectacle; display for an audience 31
geweald n: possession, power, control, dominion, command 107
wealdend m: leader, ruler, lord, the Lord 17, 53, 67, 121, 155
weard m: guardian, protector, lord, king 91
well adv: well, abundantly, very much 129, 143
wendan: change, turn, alter 22
wene: expect, hope (reflex with dat; wenan) 135
weorc n: work, deed; affliction, suffering, distress 79
weorþian: esteem, honour, celebrate, exalt, praise 15, 81, 90, 94, 129
weorðlice adv: splendidly, honourably, worthily, becomingly 17
wide adv: widely (wide ond side: far and wide) 81
willa m: determination, purpose, will, mind 129
willan: will, wish, desire, shall (sometimes merely marker of future tense) 1, 107
gewinn n: labour, trouble, strife 65
gewiton: departed, went (gewitan) 133
wite n: punishment, torment, misery, distress 61, 87
wolcen n: cloud, sky, heavens 53, 55
wolde: would, wanted to (willan) 34, 41, 113
woldon: would, wanted to (willan) 68
womm n?: stain, spot, sin, crime, injury 14
word n: word, speech, statement, story, report 27, 35, 97, 111
geworhton: constructed, made; geworhton to ______ = made into _______ 31
woruld f: world, age, life, humanity 133
wrað adj: angry, terrible, grievous, bitter, malignant, cruel 51
wudu m: wood, tree, timber, cross 27
wuldor n: glory, splendour, honour; praise; heaven 14, 90, 97, 133, 135, 143, 155
wunian: dwell, abide, remain; (with verbs) be used to, be in the habit of 3, 121, 135, 143, 155
wyrd f: fate, chance, fortune, destiny, event 51, 74
Y