Raising the Floor on Learning Levels: Equitable Improvement Starts with the Tail

In this note, we examine the equity and inequality dimensions of the learning crisis.1We explore several questions, as follows: How should we understand equity and inequality in global education? Where does inequality in learning outcomes come from? Do countries improve their averages by reducing non-performance or improving high-performance? Is there more inequality between or within countries? What are the possible policy implications?