Learning Losses during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia: Comparing Student Achievement in Early Primary Grades before School Closures, and after They Reopened

This Insight note aims to estimate the magnitude of learning loss attributable to the Covid-19 pandemic in Ehtiopia by comparing the numeracy levels and progress of Grade 1 and Grade 4 pupils across two academic years: 2018-19 and 2020-21 and suggests that school closures exacerbated pre-existing inequalities in education, where progress was much lower for rural students compared to those in urban areas.