E07768: Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (6.9), describes how Domnolus, later bishop of Le Mans, when he was abbot of the monastery attached to the church of *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) at Paris, sought a favour from King Chlothar I in the church of *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) at Tours, 558/559. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 584/594.
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posted on 2019-09-05, 00:00authored bydlambert
Gregory of Tours, Histories (Historiae) 6.9
Domnolus vero Cinomannorum episcopus aegrotare coepit. Tempore enim Chlothari regis apud Parisius ad basilicam sancti Laurenti gregi monasteriali praefuerat. Sed quoniam, Childeberto seniore vivente, semper Chlothario regi fidelis extitit et nuntius illius ad speculandum missus crebrius occulebat, praestolabatur rex locum, in quo pontificatus honorem acciperet. Migrante autem Avenniensis civitatis pontifice, istum illuc dare deliberaverat. Sed beatus Domnolus haec audiens, ad basilicam sancti Martini antistitis, ubi tunc Chlotharius rex ad orationem venerat, accessit, et nocte tota in vigiliis excubans, per priores qui aderant regi suggessionem intulit, ut non quasi captivus ab eius elongaretur aspectu, nec permitteret, simplicitatem illius inter senatores sophisticos ac iudices philosophicos fatigari, adserens, hunc locum humilitatis sibi esse potius quam honoris.
'Domnolus, the Bishop of Le Mans, fell ill. During the reign of King Chlothar he had been the head of a monastic community at Saint Laurence’s church in Paris. As long as Childebert I lived, Domnolus remained faithful to Chlothar, and he often concealed the emissaries which that King sent to find out what was happening. To reward him, Chlothar wanted to find a diocese to which Domnolus would accept election as bishop. The Bishop of Avignon died, so Chlothar planned to offer him that see. Domnolus heard of it, and made his way to the church (basilica) of Saint Martin, where King Chlothar had come to worship. Domnolus himself spent the whole night there in prayer and vigil, and then intimated to the King, through some of his leading courtiers, that he had no wish whatsoever to be banished from his presence, as if he had done something wrong; he looked upon being sent to Avignon as a humiliation rather than an honour, and he begged the King not to submit him, a simple man, to the boredom of having to listen to sophisticated arguments by old senatorial families, or to counts who spent all their time discussing philosophic problems.'
Literary - Other narrative texts (including Histories)
Language
Latin
Evidence not before
584
Evidence not after
594
Place of Evidence - Region
Gaul and Frankish kingdoms
Place of Evidence - City, village, etc
Tours
Place of evidence - City name in other Language(s)
Tours
Tours
Tours
Toronica urbs
Prisciniacensim vicus
Pressigny
Turonorum civitas
Ceratensis vicus
Céré
Major author/Major anonymous work
Gregory of Tours
Cult activities - Places
Cult building - independent (church)
Cult activities - Non Liturgical Practices and Customs
Vigils
Cult Activities - Protagonists in Cult and Narratives
Ecclesiastics - monks/nuns/hermits
Monarchs and their family
Source
Gregory of Tours wrote the Histories (Historiae) during his episcopate in Tours (573–594). They constitute the longest and most detailed historical work of the post-Roman West. Gregory's focus is Gaul under its Frankish kings, above all the territories of Tours and (to a lesser extent) Clermont, where he had been born and brought up. Much of his work tells of the years when, as bishop of an important see, he was himself centrally involved in Frankish politics. The Histories are often wrongly referred to as a History of the Franks. Although the work does contain a history of the rulers of Francia, it also includes much hagiographical material, and Gregory himself gave it the simple title the 'ten books of Histories' (decem libri historiarum), when he produced a list of his own writings (Histories 10.31).
The Histories consist of ten books whose scope and contents differ considerably. Book 1 skims rapidly through world history, with biblical and secular material from the Creation to the death in AD 397 of Martin of Tours (Gregory’s hero and predecessor as bishop). It covers 5596 years. In Book 2, which covers 114 years, the focus moves firmly into Gaul, covering the years up to the death of Clovis in 511. Books 3 and 4, which cover 37 and 27 years respectively, then move fairly swiftly on, closing with the death of king Sigibert in 575. With Book 5, through to the final Book 10, the pace slows markedly, and the detail swells, with only between two and four years covered in each of the last six books, breaking off in 591. These books are organised in annual form, based on the regnal years of Childebert II (r. 575-595/6).
There continues to be much discussion over when precisely Gregory wrote specific parts of the Histories, though there is general agreement that none of it was written before 575 and, of course, none of it after Gregory's death, which is believed to have occurred in 594. Essentially, scholars are divided over whether Gregory wrote the Histories sequentially as the years from 575 unfolded, with little or no revision thereafter, or whether he composed the whole work over the space of a few years shortly before his death and after 585 (see Murray 2015 for the arguments on both sides). For an understanding of the political history of the time, and Gregory's attitude to it, precisely when the various books were written is of great importance; but for what he wrote about the saints, the precise date of composition is of little significance, because Gregory's attitude to saints, their relics and their miracles did not change significantly during his writing-life. We have therefore chosen to date Gregory's writing of our entries only within the broadest possible parameters: with a terminus post quem of 575 for the early books of the Histories, and thereafter the year of the events described, and a terminus ante quem of 594, set by Gregory's death.
(Bryan Ward-Perkins, David Lambert)
For general discussions of the Histories see:
Goffart, W., The Narrators of Barbarian History (A.D. 550–800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon (Princeton, 1988), 119–127.
Murray, A.C., "The Composition of the Histories of Gregory of Tours and Its Bearing on the Political Narrative," in: A.C. Murray (ed.), A Companion to Gregory of Tours (Leiden and Boston, 2015), 63–101.
Pizarro, J.M., "Gregory of Tours and the Literary Imagination: Genre, Narrative Style, Sources, and Models in the Histories," in: Murray, A Companion to Gregory of Tours, 337–374.
Discussion
Domnolus (PCBE 4, 'Domnolus 2') was abbot of a monastic community attached to the church of St Laurence in Paris (also mentioned in passing by Gregory in relation to a flood in 583 – E02182). It was located in the north-east part of the city (Vieillard-Troiekouroff 1976, 209-210; Duval et al. 1992, 125).
The event described here must have taken place between the death of Childebert I in 558 and Domnolus' appointment as bishop of Le Mans at some point during 559 (following from Gregory's statement at Histories 6.9 that Domnolus died in 581 after being bishop for 22 years). The basilica of Martin mentioned must have been the one at Tours: no full-sized church dedicated to Martin (implied by the word basilica) is attested at Paris before the 8th century, only a small oratorium (E02321); see Duval et al. 1992, 127.
Bibliography
Edition:
Krusch, B., and Levison, W., Gregorii episcopi Turonensis Libri historiarum X (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum I.1; 2nd ed.; Hannover, 1951).
Translation:
Thorpe, L., Gregory of Tours, The History of the Franks (Penguin Classics; London, 1974).
Further reading:
Duval, N. et al., "Paris," in: N. Gauthier and J.-Ch. Picard (eds.), Topographie chrétienne des cités de la Gaule des origines au milieu du VIIIe siècle, vol. 8: Province ecclésiastique de Sens (Lungdunensis Senonia), (Paris, 1992), 97-129.
Murray, A.C., "The Composition of the Histories of Gregory of Tours and Its Bearing on the Political Narrative", in: A.C. Murray (ed.), A Companion to Gregory of Tours (Leiden-Boston 2015), 63-101.
Vieillard-Troiekouroff, M., Les monuments religieux de la Gaule d'après les œuvres de Grégoire de Tours (Paris, 1976).