E06049: A reconstruction of a 6th c. mosaic depicting *Michael (the Archangel, S00181), *Gabriel (the Archangel, S00192) and shadows which provide spaces for *Cosmas and Damian (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385). The original was in San Michele in Africisco in Ravenna (northern Italy) and was created c. 545/547.
online resource
posted on 2018-07-26, 00:00authored byfrances
Reconstructed mosaics from San Michele in Africisco, Ravenna
In the semi-dome of the apse, Christ stands in a landscape in front of a golden background. He holds a cross and an open book, which says:
+ QUI VI DIT ME VIDITET PATREM
EGO ET PATER UNUM SUMUS
‘Anyone who has seen me has seen my father. I and my father are one.' (John 14.9; 10.30)
Christ is flanked by two angels, both of whom are haloed and are wearing white. The angel on the left is labelled 'MICHAHEL' (Michael). The angel on the right is labelled 'GABRIHEL' (Gabriel).
On either side of this image on the front of the apse, two panels depict shadowy outlines of men standing in a landscape before a gold background. These men are both labelled. On the left there is 'COSMAS'. On the right we have 'DAMIANUS'. Above the apse Christ is depicted enthroned and surrounded by unnamed angels.
Summary: Frances Trzeciak.
History
Evidence ID
E06049
Saint Name
Michael, the Archangel : S00181
Gabriel, the Archangel : S00192
Kosmas and Damianos, brothers, physician martyrs of Syria : S00385
Images and objects - Wall paintings and mosaics
Inscriptions - Inscribed architectural elements
Language
Latin
Evidence not before
500
Evidence not after
600
Activity not before
500
Activity not after
600
Place of Evidence - Region
Italy north of Rome with Corsica and Sardinia
Place of Evidence - City, village, etc
Ravenna
Place of evidence - City name in other Language(s)
Ravenna
Sardinia
Sardinia
Sardegna
Sardinia
Cult activities - Places
Cult building - independent (church)
Cult activities - Use of Images
Public display of an image
Source
This mosaic is currently displayed in the Bode Museum in Berlin, Germany. It was very heavily restored after its move to Berlin. After Napoleon's invasion of Italy in the early nineteenth century, the church of San Michele in Africisco was sold and ceased to be a church. In 1843, King Frederick William IV of Prussia purchased it and it moved to the Bode Museum in Berlin, where it has remained ever since.
Discussion
Cosmas and Damian are depicted in several other mosaics which were present in Ravenna in a similar period, for example in the Cappella Archieviscovile (E05950) and Sant'Apollinare Nuovo (E06046). Cosmas and Damian were venerated elsewhere in Italy in this period: the relics of Cosmas and Damian were brought to Rome by Pope Symmachus (498-514) and were venerated in Rome in the 6th c. (see for example E01361).
Bibliography
Further Reading:
Deichmann, Friederich Wilhelm, Ravenna, Hauptstadt des spätantiken Abendlandes, vol. 1-3 (Wiesbaden, 1958-89).
Deliyannis, Deborah Mauskopf, Ravenna in Late Antiquity (Cambridge, 2010).
Jäggi, Carola, Ravenna: Kunst und Kultur einer spätantiken Residenzstadt; die Bauten und Mosaiken des 5. und 6. Jahrhunderts (Regensburg, 2016).
Verhoeven, Mariëtte, The Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna: Transformations and Memory (Turnhout, 2011).