E05279: Latin epitaph encouraging *Marcellinus and Petrus (martyrs of Rome, S00577) to receive the deceased as their 'adopted son' (alumnus). Found near the intramural church of Santa Prassede, but probably originally erected in the cemetery Ad Sanctos Marcellinum et Petrum /inter duas lauros, via Labicana, Rome. Probably late 4th - early 5th c.
online resource
posted on 2018-03-29, 00:00authored bypnowakowski
[fi]nitos annos vitae recessisti in pace securus legem quam benerasti ipsa tibi rependat honorem agricola et cultor prudens pauperorum amicus 4 vir laudabilis nimis usque ad finem dierum latenter amasti tuos ut decet virum honestum filiis tuis demisisti dolum uxori dolorem raptus es nobis subito sicut agnus a matre 8 infelix filius retinens genitoris amore vitae annos egisti sexaginta plus minus nec titulus nec tabula capuit referre benigna sancte Petri Marcelline suscipite vestrum alumnum
'Having completed the years of (your) life you withdrew safe in peace, The same law which you venerated (now) returns you the honour, Farmer and prudent tiller, friend of the poor, Man commendable beyond measure to the end of (your) days. You deeply loved your (family members), as is proper in a honest man; To your sons you left sorrow, pain to your wife. You were suddenly taken from us, as a lamb from (its) mother, The unhappy son remaining through the love of the parent. You lived approximately sixty years, Neither an inscription nor a plaque could narrate (your) good deeds, O Saint Petrus and Marcellinus, take up your adopted son (vester alumnus)'
Text: ICVR, n.s., I, no. 947 = ICVR VI, no. 17192 = EDB14265 and EDB35307. Translation: P. Nowakowski
History
Evidence ID
E05279
Saint Name
Petrus and Marcellinus, priest and exorcist, martyrs of Rome : S00577
Place of evidence - City name in other Language(s)
Suburban catacombs and cemeteries
Rome
Rome
Roma
Ῥώμη
Rhōmē
Cult activities - Places
Burial site of a saint - cemetery/catacomb
Cult activities - Non Liturgical Practices and Customs
Prayer/supplication/invocation
Cult Activities - Protagonists in Cult and Narratives
Women
Children
Other lay individuals/ people
Source
Marble plaque. Now lost. There is no published description.
First recorded at the beginning of the 18th c. in a hypogeum near the intramural church of Santa Prassede by Benigno Davanzati, and published by him in 1725, in his account of a pilgrimage to this church. Later mentioned by Benigno Aloisi in his report on the church Santa Prassede in 1729, as located in the bell tower. Giovanni Battista de Rossi mentioned the final line in 1875, and argued that the inscription came from the cemetery Ad Sanctos Marcellinum et Petrum /inter duas lauros on the via Labicana, as they are the saints invoked in the text on the behalf of the deceased. This suggestion has been accepted by subsequent scholars.
In the reference series Inscriptiones Christianae Urbis Romae, the inscription is published twice, first in volume 1 by Angelo Silvagni (1922), according to its find-spot, and in volume 6 by Antonio Ferrua (1975), according to its presumed original location, the cemetery Ad Sanctos Marcellinum et Petrum.
Discussion
The inscription contains a customary eulogy of the deceased. Giovanni Battista de Rossi probably rightly pointed out that the text must have continued in a second column on an adjacent plaque, as the meaning of some lines seems unclear. This presumed column is, however, lost.
The inscription is interesting to us because of the invocation of Saints Marcellinus and Petrus, eponyms of the cemetery where the deceased was probably buried. A request to receive the deceased, addressed directly to a saint is not often seen in epitaphs, even in cemeteries named after saints or in proximity of saints' tombs. It, however, need not mark a peculiar devotion to the two saints in the lifetime of the deceased or of his family, but in this case may be caused simply by the location of the tomb in the cemetery named after them.
Dating: The editors of the EDB date the inscription to the late 4th – early 5th c.
Bibliography
Edition:
Epigraphic Database Bari, nos. EDB14265 and EDB35307.
http://www.edb.uniba.it/epigraph/14265
http://www.edb.uniba.it/epigraph/35307
De Rossi, G.B., Ferrua, A. (eds.), Inscriptiones Christianae Urbis Romae Septimo Saeculo Antiquiores, n.s., vol. 6: Coemeteria viis Latina, Labicana et Praenestina (Vatican: Pont. Institutum Archaeologiae Christianae, 1975), no. 17192.
Diehl, E., Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae Veteres, vol. 1 (Berlin: Apud Weidmannos, 1925), no. 2138B.
Silvagni, A. (ed.), Inscriptiones Christianae Urbis Romae Septimo Saeculo Antiquiores, n.s., vol. 1, (Rome: , 1922), no. 947.
Davanzati, B., Notizie al pellegrino della basilica di Santa Prassede (Rome: Stamperia di Antonio de Rossi, 1725), 211.
Further reading:
Cocco, C., "ICVR 17192: un acrostico in versi ritmici?", in: A.M. Corda (ed.), Cultus splendore: Studi in onore di Giovanna Sotgiu (Senorb̀ı (Cagliari): Nuove grafiche Puddu, 2003), XX-XX.
??Coda, C.G., Duemilatrecento corpi di martiri: La relazione di Benigno Aloisi (1729) e il ritrovamento delle reliquie nella Basilica di Santa Prassede in Roma (Rome: Società romana di storia patria, 2004), XX.
de Rossi, G.B., "Insigni scoperte nel cimitero di Domitilla", Bullettino di archeologia cristiana 2 Ser. 6 (1875), 30.
Mazzoleni, D., "The rise of Christianity", in: C. Bruun, J.C. Edmondson (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy (Oxford - New York: OUP, 2015), 446 (English translation of line 11).