Evidence ID
E05090Saint Name
Iohannes and Paulus, brothers and eunuchs, martyrs of Rome under Julian, A.D. 361/363 : S00384
Sebastianus, martyr of Rome : S00400Saint Name in Source
Iohannes et PaulusType of Evidence
Inscriptions - Funerary inscriptions
Literary - Poems
Archaeological and architectural - Internal cult fixtures (crypts, ciboria, etc.)Evidence not before
535Evidence not after
535Activity not before
535Activity not after
535Place of Evidence - Region
Rome and regionPlace of Evidence - City, village, etc
Suburban catacombs and cemeteriesPlace of evidence - City name in other Language(s)
Suburban catacombs and cemeteries
Rome
Rome
Roma
Ῥώμη
RhōmēCult activities - Places
Cult building - independent (church)Cult activities - Non Liturgical Practices and Customs
Prayer/supplication/invocationCult Activities - Protagonists in Cult and Narratives
Ecclesiastics - lesser clergySource
Large marble plaque. The left-hand part is broken and lost. Preserved dimensions: H. 0.81 m; W. 1.20 m; Th. 0.07 m. Letter height 0.032 m. Large margins.
The plaque was found in the pavement in the crypt of the church of San Sebastiano at the site of the Cemetery 'ad Catacumbas,' near the altar. It was clearly the lid of a tomb. Now displayed on a wall in the same crypt. First published by Mariano Colagrossi in 1909. Later republished by a number of scholars; for a list of editions up to 1971, see the lemma by Antonio Ferrua in ICVR, n.s., V, no. 13123. A high-quality photograph is offered in the Epigraphic Database Bari.Discussion
The inscription is an epitaph, probably for a cleric of the titulus-church of Iohannes and Paulus (SS. Giovanni e Paolo) buried in the crypt of the church of San Sebastiano. The church of Iohannes and Paulus was sited on the Caelian Hill, but Antonio Ferrua notes that its presbyters were normally in charge of the Church of San Sebastiano and its cemetery. They were also probably buried there.
Although the inscription does not say so, the location of the tomb may suggest that the cleric was buried ad sanctos, close to relics of Sebastianus.
Lines 1 and 2 probably contained a hexameter verse composed in honour of the church.
Dating: The inscription is dated by a consular year. As Paulinus the younger held the office of consul in 534, the inscription dates to 535. The fourth day before the calends of April corresponds to 29 March. Mariano Colagrossi stressed that at the moment of the first publication of the inscription it was the earliest testimony to the dedication of the church on the Caelian Hill to Iohannes and Paulus. Prior to 535 the church was mentioned as the titulus Byzantis (E05088) in 401/417, and as the titulus Pammachii in 499 (EXXXX). It is again mentioned as the titulus Iohannis et Pauli in 566/578 (EXXXX).Bibliography
Edition:
Epigraphic Database Bari, no. EDB1477, see http://www.edb.uniba.it/epigraph/1477
De Rossi, G.B., Ferrua, A. (eds.) Inscriptiones Christianae Urbis Romae Septimo Saeculo Antiquiores, n.s., vol. 5: Coemeteria reliqua Viae Appiae (Vatican: Pont. Institutum Archaeologiae Christianae, 1971), no. 13123.
Marucchi, O., Josi, E., Le catacombe romane. Opera postuma (Rome: Libreria dello Stato, 1933), 271.
Diehl, E., Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae Veteres, vol. 1 (Berlin: Apud Weidmannos, 1925), no. 1139.
Marucchi, O., "Marucchi, Orazio: Di una iscrizione storica che può attribuirsi alla basilica Apostolorum sulla via Appia", Nuovo Bulletino di Archeologia Cristiana 27 (1921), 66.
Colagrossi, M., "Di un monumento recentemente scoperto presso il Sepolcro Apostolico dell' Appia", Nuovo Bulletino di Archeologia Cristiana 15 (1909), 58.
Further reading:
Nieddu, A.M., La Basilica Apostolorum sulla via Appia e l'area cimiteriale circostante (Città del Vaticano: Pontificio istituto di archeologia cristiana, 2009), 369 note 1695.
