E04150: Pilgrim ampulla from a shrine of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), bearing a Greek inscription. Now in the Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore. Provenance unknown, probably Syria or Palestine. Probably 6th c.
Pilgrim ampulla of unknown provenance. Now in the Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore). First published by Josef Engemann in 2002.
Both sides of the body are decorated with an image of a rider with nimbus. He is holding a spear with a cross on both ends. The editor notes that no demon or other evil entity is shown under the horse, a common motif on other ampullae with holy riders.
The neck is decorated with a cross under an arch. One side of the ampulla is corroded, the other has a small hole near the head of the rider.
The inscription which runs around the image of the rider, on both sides, reads:
Inscriptions - Inscribed objects
Images and objects - Lamps, ampullae and tokens
Language
Greek
Evidence not before
500
Evidence not after
600
Activity not before
500
Activity not after
600
Place of Evidence - Region
Palestine with Sinai
Syria with Phoenicia
Place of evidence - City name in other Language(s)
Caesarea Maritima
Καισάρεια
Kaisareia
Caesarea
Kayseri
Turris Stratonis
Thabbora
Thabbora
Cult activities - Places
Cult building - independent (church)
Cult activities - Non Liturgical Practices and Customs
Visiting graves and shrines
Cult Activities - Relics
Contact relic - oil
Ampullae, eulogiai, tokens
Cult Activities - Cult Related Objects
Ampullae, flasks, etc.
Discussion
The ampulla certainly comes from a shrine dedicated to Sergios, the soldier and martyr of Rusafa. It probably contained holy oil, acquired by a pilgrim visiting the shrine. The ampulla could have been produced in Rusafa itself, or in another sanctuary of the saint.
Dating: While there is no reliable way to precisely date our object, pilgrim ampullae are usually dated to the 6th c. For Engemann's discussion of the style of the image of Sergios, and possible parallels that provide some hints towards dating the ampulla, see Engemann 2002, 159-160.
Bibliography
Edition:
Engemann, J., "Palästinische früchristliche Pilgerampullen. Erstveröffentlichungen und Berichtigungen", Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum 45 (2002), 158-160.
Reference works:
Chroniques d'épigraphie byzantine, 701.