E02657: Coptic Apocalypse of *Elijah (Old Testament prophet, S00217), from Akhmim/Panopolis (Upper Egypt), pronouncing a false and deceitful Christ to be the enemy of the saints, who are essential to life on earth and who are in company with the true Christ; datable to the 4th century.
online resource
posted on 2017-04-04, 00:00 authored by gschenkeP.Chester Beatty 2018
The main theme of the text is how to recognise false leadership, especially in times of difficulties. The text offers helpful and practical advise on how to detect deceit and gives a list of signs indicating deceitful misuse of power. It also describes the rewards for those who manage not to be fooled by deception.
The text begins with a section dedicated above all to fasting and prayer. It continues with the narration of wars and calamities in Egypt, and ends with the appearance of the Antichrist, who is opposed by the virgin Tabitha, as well as by Elijah, Enoch, and the sixty just men. In a final battle Elijah and Enoch slay the Antichrist and Christ appears.
The virgin Tabitha reproves the false Christ, calling him the enemy of the saints (Sa3 14,15–17):
ⲱ [ⲡⲁⲧϣⲓⲡⲉ ⲱ] ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲱ [ⲡⲉⲧⲁϥⲣ ϫ]ⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁ[ⲁ]ⲃ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ
'[Shameless one]! Son of lawlessness! [You who have become an] enemy to all the saints!'
The exposed false Christ is so enraged that he pursues the virgin and slays her. But after he has killed her, she comes alive again and continues to shame him. She becomes a salvation for future generations (Sa3 14,17–15,7):
[ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϥⲛⲁϭⲱ]ⲛⲧ ⲉⲧⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉ[ⲛⲟⲥ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲧϣⲓⲡⲉ ϥ]ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲧ ⲛⲥ[ⲱⲥ ϣⲁϩⲣⲁ ⲉⲙⲙⲁ ⲛϩⲱⲧⲡ] ⲙⲡⲣ[ⲏ ϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲛⲅ ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲥⲛⲟϥ] ⲙⲡⲛⲁⲩ
[ⲛⲣⲟⲩϩⲉ ⲛϥⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲙ]ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉϩⲣⲁ[ ⲉϫⲛ] ⲡⲣⲡⲉ ⲛⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲁ ⲙⲡ[ⲗⲁⲟ]ⲥ [ⲥⲛⲁⲧ]ⲱⲟⲩⲛⲥ ⲙⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲛϣⲱⲣⲡ ⲉⲥⲟⲛ[ϩ ⲛ]ⲥⲥⲟⲟ[ϩⲉ]
ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲧϣ[ⲓ]ⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ ϭ[ⲟ]ⲙ ⲛⲙⲟⲕ ⲉⲧⲁⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲡⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁ ϫⲉ ϯⲟⲛϩ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲙ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛⲓⲙ
ⲡⲁⲕⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲛⲇ[ⲉ] ⲟⲛ ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲛ[ⲟ]ⲩϫⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ [ⲉϫ]ⲙ ⲡⲣⲡⲉ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ[ⲟ]ⲩϫⲁ ⲙⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ
'[Then the shameless one will become] angry with the virgin (Tabitha). [He] will pursue [her to the setting places] of the sun. [He will suck her blood in the evening and cast] her forth [on account of] the temple, and she will become salvation for the people. [She will] rise in the morning, being alive, and she will reprove him saying: "Shameless one, you have no power over my soul and body, since I am alive. I am in the Lord at all times. Even my blood, which you have spilled [on account of] the temple, has become salvation for the people."'
Elijah and Enoch, when they hear that the false Christ has defiled the holy places, come down to fight against him too, calling him an enemy of all heavenly beings, of the angels and powers. He tortures them as well and all the other righteous ones, until the true and compassionate Christ finally sends down his 64,000 angels and resumes power on earth.
Meanwhile, in an attempt to save his reign, the shameless impostor tries to seek the help of the saints, demanding that they are brought before him (Sa1 13,34–14,5):
ⲁⲛⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲛⲓⲥⲟⲩ ⲁϩ{ϩ}ⲣⲁ ⲉⲧⲃⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ϯⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ
ⲉⲧⲃⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲣⲏ ⲣⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲁ ⲉϫⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ
ⲉⲧⲃⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲣⲉ ϯⲱⲧⲉ ⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ
'Fetch the saints for on their account the earth gives produce; for on their account the sun shines upon the earth; for on their account the dew settles on the ground.'
The text ends with the following hopeful outlook (Akhmimic manuscript 43,8–44,4):
ⳉⲙ ⲫⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲉⲧⲙⲙⲟ ϥⲛⲛⲏⲩ ⲁⲃⲁⲗ ⲛⲧⲡⲉ ϭⲉ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲡⲣⲣⲟ ⲙⲛ ⲛⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϥⲣⲱⲕϩ ⲙⲡⲓⲕⲁϩ ϥⲣⳉⲟ ⲛⲣⲁⲙⲡⲉ ϩⲓϫⲱϥ ϫⲉ
ⲁⲛⲣⲉϥⲣⲛⲁⲃⲉ ⲉⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ϩⲓϫⲱϥ ϥⲛⲁⲧⲁⲛⲟ ⲛⲟⲩⲡⲉ ⲛⲃⲣⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲁϩ ⲛⲃⲣⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ϩⲓ ⲙⲟⲩ ⳉⲟⲟⲡ ⲛⳉⲏⲧⲟⲩ ϥⲛⲁⲣⲣⲟ
[ⲙ]ⲛ ⲛⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃⲉ ⲉϥⲛⲛⲁ ⲁϩⲣⲏ ϥⲛⲛⲏⲩ ⲁⳉⲣⲏ ⲉⲩⳉⲟⲟⲡ ⲙⲛ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲁϣ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲡ ⲙⲛ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲛⳉⲟ ⲛⲣⲁⲙⲡⲉ
ϯⲁⲡⲟⲕⲁⲗⲩⲯⲓⲥ ⲛϩⲏⲗⲉⲓⲁⲥ
'On that day, Christ, the king with all the saints, is coming forth from heaven. He is burning this earth and spending a thousand years on it, since the sinners seized it. He will create a new heaven and a new earth. No devil or death exists in them. He will rule with the saints, descending and ascending, whilst they are with the angels at all times and with Christ for a thousand years.
The Apocalypse of Elijah'
(Text and trans.: Pietersma and Turner Comstock, modified by G. Schenke)
The main theme of the text is how to recognise false leadership, especially in times of difficulties. The text offers helpful and practical advise on how to detect deceit and gives a list of signs indicating deceitful misuse of power. It also describes the rewards for those who manage not to be fooled by deception.
The text begins with a section dedicated above all to fasting and prayer. It continues with the narration of wars and calamities in Egypt, and ends with the appearance of the Antichrist, who is opposed by the virgin Tabitha, as well as by Elijah, Enoch, and the sixty just men. In a final battle Elijah and Enoch slay the Antichrist and Christ appears.
The virgin Tabitha reproves the false Christ, calling him the enemy of the saints (Sa3 14,15–17):
ⲱ [ⲡⲁⲧϣⲓⲡⲉ ⲱ] ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲱ [ⲡⲉⲧⲁϥⲣ ϫ]ⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁ[ⲁ]ⲃ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ
'[Shameless one]! Son of lawlessness! [You who have become an] enemy to all the saints!'
The exposed false Christ is so enraged that he pursues the virgin and slays her. But after he has killed her, she comes alive again and continues to shame him. She becomes a salvation for future generations (Sa3 14,17–15,7):
[ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϥⲛⲁϭⲱ]ⲛⲧ ⲉⲧⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉ[ⲛⲟⲥ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲧϣⲓⲡⲉ ϥ]ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲧ ⲛⲥ[ⲱⲥ ϣⲁϩⲣⲁ ⲉⲙⲙⲁ ⲛϩⲱⲧⲡ] ⲙⲡⲣ[ⲏ ϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲛⲅ ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲥⲛⲟϥ] ⲙⲡⲛⲁⲩ
[ⲛⲣⲟⲩϩⲉ ⲛϥⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲙ]ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉϩⲣⲁ[ ⲉϫⲛ] ⲡⲣⲡⲉ ⲛⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲁ ⲙⲡ[ⲗⲁⲟ]ⲥ [ⲥⲛⲁⲧ]ⲱⲟⲩⲛⲥ ⲙⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲛϣⲱⲣⲡ ⲉⲥⲟⲛ[ϩ ⲛ]ⲥⲥⲟⲟ[ϩⲉ]
ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲧϣ[ⲓ]ⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ ϭ[ⲟ]ⲙ ⲛⲙⲟⲕ ⲉⲧⲁⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲡⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁ ϫⲉ ϯⲟⲛϩ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲙ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛⲓⲙ
ⲡⲁⲕⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲛⲇ[ⲉ] ⲟⲛ ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲛ[ⲟ]ⲩϫⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ [ⲉϫ]ⲙ ⲡⲣⲡⲉ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ[ⲟ]ⲩϫⲁ ⲙⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ
'[Then the shameless one will become] angry with the virgin (Tabitha). [He] will pursue [her to the setting places] of the sun. [He will suck her blood in the evening and cast] her forth [on account of] the temple, and she will become salvation for the people. [She will] rise in the morning, being alive, and she will reprove him saying: "Shameless one, you have no power over my soul and body, since I am alive. I am in the Lord at all times. Even my blood, which you have spilled [on account of] the temple, has become salvation for the people."'
Elijah and Enoch, when they hear that the false Christ has defiled the holy places, come down to fight against him too, calling him an enemy of all heavenly beings, of the angels and powers. He tortures them as well and all the other righteous ones, until the true and compassionate Christ finally sends down his 64,000 angels and resumes power on earth.
Meanwhile, in an attempt to save his reign, the shameless impostor tries to seek the help of the saints, demanding that they are brought before him (Sa1 13,34–14,5):
ⲁⲛⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲛⲓⲥⲟⲩ ⲁϩ{ϩ}ⲣⲁ ⲉⲧⲃⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ϯⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ
ⲉⲧⲃⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲣⲏ ⲣⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲁ ⲉϫⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ
ⲉⲧⲃⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲣⲉ ϯⲱⲧⲉ ⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ
'Fetch the saints for on their account the earth gives produce; for on their account the sun shines upon the earth; for on their account the dew settles on the ground.'
The text ends with the following hopeful outlook (Akhmimic manuscript 43,8–44,4):
ⳉⲙ ⲫⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲉⲧⲙⲙⲟ ϥⲛⲛⲏⲩ ⲁⲃⲁⲗ ⲛⲧⲡⲉ ϭⲉ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲡⲣⲣⲟ ⲙⲛ ⲛⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϥⲣⲱⲕϩ ⲙⲡⲓⲕⲁϩ ϥⲣⳉⲟ ⲛⲣⲁⲙⲡⲉ ϩⲓϫⲱϥ ϫⲉ
ⲁⲛⲣⲉϥⲣⲛⲁⲃⲉ ⲉⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ϩⲓϫⲱϥ ϥⲛⲁⲧⲁⲛⲟ ⲛⲟⲩⲡⲉ ⲛⲃⲣⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲁϩ ⲛⲃⲣⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ϩⲓ ⲙⲟⲩ ⳉⲟⲟⲡ ⲛⳉⲏⲧⲟⲩ ϥⲛⲁⲣⲣⲟ
[ⲙ]ⲛ ⲛⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃⲉ ⲉϥⲛⲛⲁ ⲁϩⲣⲏ ϥⲛⲛⲏⲩ ⲁⳉⲣⲏ ⲉⲩⳉⲟⲟⲡ ⲙⲛ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲁϣ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲡ ⲙⲛ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲛⳉⲟ ⲛⲣⲁⲙⲡⲉ
ϯⲁⲡⲟⲕⲁⲗⲩⲯⲓⲥ ⲛϩⲏⲗⲉⲓⲁⲥ
'On that day, Christ, the king with all the saints, is coming forth from heaven. He is burning this earth and spending a thousand years on it, since the sinners seized it. He will create a new heaven and a new earth. No devil or death exists in them. He will rule with the saints, descending and ascending, whilst they are with the angels at all times and with Christ for a thousand years.
The Apocalypse of Elijah'
(Text and trans.: Pietersma and Turner Comstock, modified by G. Schenke)
History
Evidence ID
E02657Saint Name
Elijah, Old Testament prophet : S00217 Enoch, the seventh Patriarch of the Book of Genesis : S00762 Tabitha/Dorkas, New Testament pious woman from Iope : S00300Saint Name in Source
ϩⲏⲗⲉⲓⲁⲥ ⲉⲛⲱⲭ ⲧⲁⲃⲓⲑⲁRelated Saint Records
Type of Evidence
Literary - Other narrative texts (including Histories) Late antique original manuscripts - Papyrus codexLanguage
- Coptic
