E02115: Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (4.34), tells the story of an unnamed monk of a monastery near Bordeaux (south-west Gaul), whose prayers saved some grain from a rainstorm, and was then chastised by his abbot, lest he become vainglorious. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.
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posted on 2016-12-13, 00:00authored bykwojtalik
Gregory of Tours, Histories (Historiae) 4.34
Quid etiam apud quendam monasterium eo tempore actum sit, pandam; nomen autem monachi, quia superest, nominare nolo, ne, cum haec scripta ad eum pervenerit, vanam incurrens gloriam reviliscat. Quidam iuvenis ad monasterium veniens, abbati se commendavit, ut in Dei servitium degeret. Cui ille cum multa obiceret, dicens, durum esse servitium illius loci, nec omnino tanta possit implere, quanta ei iungebantur: se omnia impleturum, invocato nomine Domini, pollicetur. Sicque collectus est ab abbate. Factum est autem post paucos dies, dum in humilitate atque sanctitate se in omnibus exiberet, ut expellentes monachi de horrea anonas quasi choros III ad solem siccare ponerent, quas huic custodire praecipiunt. Dum autem, reficientibus aliis, hic ad custodiam resideret anonae, subito nubilatum est caelum, et ecce! imber validus cum rumore venti festinus ad anonae congeriem propinquabat. Quod cernens monachus, quid ageret, quid faceret, nesciebat. Tractans autem, quod, si ceteros vocaret, prae multitudine hoc recondire ante pluviam in horrea non valerent, cuncta postposita, ad orationem convertitur, Dominum deprecans, ne super triticum illud imbris illius gutta descenderet. Quod cum se terrae deiciens exoraret, divisa est nubis, et circa anonam pluvia valde diffusa est, nullum granum tritici, si dici fas est, humectans. Cumque reliqui monachi cum abbate haec consentientes, velociter ut anonam collegerent advenissent, cernunt hoc miraculum, requirentesque custodem, inveniunt haut procul harene deiectum orantem. Quod videns abbas, se post eum prosternit, et pertranseunte pluvia, consumata oratione, vocat, ut surgeret; quem apprehensum verberibus agi praecepit, dicens: 'Oportet enim te, fili, in timore et servitio Dei humiliter crescere, non prodigiis atque virtutibus gloriari'. Reclusumque in cellulam septem dies eum sicut culpabilem ieiunare praecepit, quo ab eo vanam gloriam, ne ei aliquid impedimentum generaret, averteret. Nunc autem idem monachus, ut a fidelibus viris cognovimus, in tanta abstinentia est devotus, ut in diebus quadragesimae nullum alimentum panis accipiat, nisi tantum die tertia plenum calicem thisinae hauriat. Quem Dominus, orantibus vobis, usque vitae consumationem, ut sibi placeat, custodire dignetur.
'I will now tell you something which happened in another monastery at about the same time. I do not propose to give the name of the monk concerned, for he is still alive, and if he should read what I have written he might be filled with vainglory and so lose virtue. A certain youth came to the monastery and asked the abbot to let him join the brothers, for he wanted to spend his life in God’s service. The abbot was not very keen to do this, for he said that the service was hard in that house and that he did not think that the young man would be able to do all that would be asked of him. The youth promised that, with God’s help, he would do everything that was expected of him, and he was accepted. He turned out to be humble and godfearing in all that he did. A few days later it happened that the monks carted three bushels or more of their grain out of their barn and set it to dry in the sun, telling the young novice to watch over it They went off to rest and he was left in charge of the grain. Suddenly the sky became overcast, a great wind blew up and it looked as if a downpour of rain might fall on the heap of grain. When the young monk saw what was happening he did not know what to do. Even if he called the others, it was clear that they could never cart all this grain back into the barn again before the rain fell. He therefore gave up the attempt and concentrated on praying to God that no drop of rain might fall on the corn. He threw himself on the ground as he prayed. The cloud divided, the rain poured down all round the corn, but not a single grain was wetted, if what I have heard is true. The other monks, with the abbot at their head, came running to collect in the grain, for they realized what was about to happen. This was the miracles which they saw, and, when they looked for the monk in charge of the corn, they found him prostrate in prayer a few yards away. When the abbot perceived what had occurred, he lay down in prayer beside the monk. The rain passed over and the abbot finished his prayer. He then told the youth to get up and ordered him to be seized and beaten. 'It is for you, my son.' said he, ‘to grow more and more humble in the fear and service of God, not to puff yourself up with prodigies and miracles (prodigia atque virtutes).' He had him shut in his cell for a whole week and made him fast as if guilty, to prevent him from becoming too pleased with himself, lest this should come to harm him. Today, and this I have learnt from reliable sources, this monk is so abstinent in his behaviour that he will not even eat bread in Lent and he will only drink a cup of barley water every third day. Let us pray to the Lord to deign to watch over him to the very end of his life, if He so wishes.'
Literary - Other narrative texts (including Histories)
Language
Latin
Evidence not before
575
Evidence not after
594
Activity not before
560
Activity not after
580
Place of Evidence - Region
Gaul and Frankish kingdoms
Place of Evidence - City, village, etc
Tours
Place of evidence - City name in other Language(s)
Tours
Tours
Tours
Toronica urbs
Prisciniacensim vicus
Pressigny
Turonorum civitas
Ceratensis vicus
Céré
Major author/Major anonymous work
Gregory of Tours
Cult activities - Places
Cult building - monastic
Cult activities - Non Liturgical Practices and Customs
Prayer/supplication/invocation
Cult Activities - Miracles
Power over elements (fire, earthquakes, floods, weather)
Cult Activities - Protagonists in Cult and Narratives
Ecclesiastics - monks/nuns/hermits
Source
Gregory of Tours wrote the Histories (Historiae) during his episcopate in Tours (573–594). They constitute the longest and most detailed historical work of the post-Roman West. Gregory's focus is Gaul under its Frankish kings, above all the territories of Tours and (to a lesser extent) Clermont, where he had been born and brought up. Much of his work tells of the years when, as bishop of an important see, he was himself centrally involved in Frankish politics. The Histories are often wrongly referred to as a History of the Franks. Although the work does contain a history of the rulers of Francia, it also includes much hagiographical material, and Gregory himself gave it the simple title the 'ten books of Histories' (decem libri historiarum), when he produced a list of his own writings (Histories 10.31).
The Histories consist of ten books whose scope and contents differ considerably. Book 1 skims rapidly through world history, with biblical and secular material from the Creation to the death in AD 397 of Martin of Tours (Gregory’s hero and predecessor as bishop). It covers 5596 years. In Book 2, which covers 114 years, the focus moves firmly into Gaul, covering the years up to the death of Clovis in 511. Books 3 and 4, which cover 37 and 27 years respectively, then move fairly swiftly on, closing with the death of king Sigibert in 575. With Book 5, through to the final Book 10, the pace slows markedly, and the detail swells, with only between two and four years covered in each of the last six books, breaking off in 591. These books are organised in annual form, based on the regnal years of Childebert II (r. 575-595/6).
There continues to be much discussion over when precisely Gregory wrote specific parts of the Histories, though there is general agreement that none of it was written before 575 and, of course, none of it after Gregory's death, which is believed to have occurred in 594. Essentially, scholars are divided over whether Gregory wrote the Histories sequentially as the years from 575 unfolded, with little or no revision thereafter, or whether he composed the whole work over the space of a few years shortly before his death and after 585 (see Murray 2015 for the arguments on both sides). For an understanding of the political history of the time, and Gregory's attitude to it, precisely when the various books were written is of great importance; but for what he wrote about the saints, the precise date of composition is of little significance, because Gregory's attitude to saints, their relics and their miracles did not change significantly during his writing-life. We have therefore chosen to date Gregory's writing of our entries only within the broadest possible parameters: with a terminus post quem of 575 for the early books of the Histories, and thereafter the year of the events described, and a terminus ante quem of 594, set by Gregory's death.
(Bryan Ward-Perkins, David Lambert)
For general discussions of the Histories see:
Goffart, W., The Narrators of Barbarian History (A.D. 550–800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon (Princeton, 1988), 119–127.
Murray, A.C., "The Composition of the Histories of Gregory of Tours and Its Bearing on the Political Narrative," in: A.C. Murray (ed.), A Companion to Gregory of Tours (Leiden and Boston, 2015), 63–101.
Pizarro, J.M., "Gregory of Tours and the Literary Imagination: Genre, Narrative Style, Sources, and Models in the Histories," in: Murray, A Companion to Gregory of Tours, 337–374.
Discussion
At the beginning of this chapter, Gregory of Tours says he will not tell the name of the monk, but readers of the Histories learn that he was a monk of Bordeaux from the list of chapter-headings to Book 4.
The story is interesting for an anxiety expressed repeatedly by Gregory, and other writers, that people with apparently miraculous powers might fall into sin through vainglory. This monk had made a good beginning as an ascetic and saint, but, for Gregory, his sanctity would only be clear after he had successfully completed the course of his life.
Bibliography
Edition:
Krusch, B., and Levison, W., Gregorii episcopi Turonensis Libri historiarum X (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum I.1; 2nd ed.; Hannover, 1951).
Translation:
Thorpe, L., Gregory of Tours, The History of the Franks (Penguin Classics; London, 1974).
Further reading:
Murray, A.C., "The Composition of the Histories of Gregory of Tours and Its Bearing on the Political Narrative", in: A.C. Murray (ed.), A Companion to Gregory of Tours (Leiden-Boston 2015), 63-101.
Vieillard-Troiekouroff, M., Les monuments religieux de la Gaule d'après les œuvres de Grégoire de Tours (Paris, 1976).