E02102: Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (4.48), tells of relics of *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), in a monastery 'of Martin' at Latta (probably La Chapelle-sur-Loire); soldiers who sack the monastery are miraculously punished. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.

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posted on 2016-12-11, 00:00 authored by robert

Gregory of Tours, Histories (Historiae) 4.48

Quid de Latta monasterio referam, in quo beati Martini habentur reliquiae? Cum ad eum unus cuneus hostium adventaret et fluvium, qui propinquus est, transire disponeret, ut monastirium spoliaret, clamaverunt monachi dicentes: 'Nolite, o barbari, nolite huc transire; beati enim Martini istud est monasterium' . Haec audientes multi, conpuncti a Dei timore, regressi sunt. Viginti tamen ex ipsis, qui non metuebant Deum neque beatum confessorem honorabant, ascendentes navem, illuc transgrediuntur et, inimico stimulante, monachos caedunt, monasterium evertunt resque diripiunt; de quibus facientes sarcinas, navi inponunt. Ingressique fluvium, protinus vibrante carina, huc illucque feruntur. Cumque amisso solatio remorum, hastilia lancearum in fundum alvei defixa, remeare conarentur, navis sub pedibus eorum dehiscit, et uniuscuiusque ferrum, quod contra se tenebat, pectori defigitur, transverberatique cuncti a propriis iaculis interimuntur. Unus tantum ex ipsis, qui eos increpabat ne ista committerent, remansit inlaesus. Quodsi hoc quis fortuitu evenisse iudicat, cernat, unum insontem plurimis evasisse de noxiis. Quibus interfectis, monachi ipsos et res suas ex alveo detrahentes, illos sepelientes, res domi restituunt.

'What can one say, for example, of the monastery of Latte, in which relics of the blessed Martin are kept? A force of hostile troops approached and prepared to cross the river which runs by, so that they might loot this monastery. ‘This is the monastery of Saint Martin!’ cried the monks. ‘You barbarians must not cross over here!’ Most of those who heard this were filled with the fear of God and so withdrew. However, twenty of their number, who did not fear God and had no respect for the blessed confessor, climbed into a boat and crossed the river. Driven on by an evil spirit, they slaughtered the monks, damaged the monastery and stole its possessions, which last they made into bundles and piled on their boat. Then they pushed off into the stream, but their keel began to sway to and fro, and they were carried round and round. They had lost their oars, which might have saved them. They tried to reach the bank by pushing the butts of their spears into the bed of the river, but the boat split apart beneath their feet. They were all pierced through by the points of their lances, which they were holding against their bodies; they were all transfixed and were killed by their own javelins. Only one of them remained unhurt, a man who had rebuked the others for what they were doing. If anyone thinks that this happened by chance, let him consider the fact that one innocent man was saved among so many who were doing evil. After their death the monks retrieved the corpses from the bed of the river. They buried the dead bodies and replaced their own possessions in their monastery.'

Text: Krusch and Levison 1951, 184-185. Translation: Thorpe 1974, 244-245, lightly modified.

History

Evidence ID

E02102

Saint Name

Martin, bishop of Tours (Gaul), ob. 397 : S00050

Saint Name in Source

Martinus

Related Saint Records

https://oxford.figshare.com/articles/Martin_ascetic_and_bishop_of_Tours_ob_397/13729234

Type of Evidence

Literary - Other narrative texts (including Histories)

Language

Latin

Evidence not before

575

Evidence not after

594

Activity not before

570

Activity not after

593

Place of Evidence - Region

Gaul and Frankish kingdoms

Place of Evidence - City, village, etc

Tours

Place of evidence - City name in other Language(s)

Tours Tours Tours Toronica urbs Prisciniacensim vicus Pressigny Turonorum civitas Ceratensis vicus Céré

Major author/Major anonymous work

Gregory of Tours

Cult activities - Places

Cult building - monastic

Cult Activities - Miracles

Miracle after death Punishing miracle Miraculous protection - of communities, towns, armies Power over elements (fire, earthquakes, floods, weather)

Cult Activities - Protagonists in Cult and Narratives

Ecclesiastics - monks/nuns/hermits Foreigners (including Barbarians) Soldiers

Cult Activities - Relics

Unspecified relic

Source

Gregory of Tours wrote the Histories (Historiae) during his episcopate in Tours (573–594). They constitute the longest and most detailed historical work of the post-Roman West. Gregory's focus is Gaul under its Frankish kings, above all the territories of Tours and (to a lesser extent) Clermont, where he had been born and brought up. Much of his work tells of the years when, as bishop of an important see, he was himself centrally involved in Frankish politics. The Histories are often wrongly referred to as a History of the Franks. Although the work does contain a history of the rulers of Francia, it also includes much hagiographical material, and Gregory himself gave it the simple title the 'ten books of Histories' (decem libri historiarum), when he produced a list of his own writings (Histories 10.31). The Histories consist of ten books whose scope and contents differ considerably. Book 1 skims rapidly through world history, with biblical and secular material from the Creation to the death in AD 397 of Martin of Tours (Gregory’s hero and predecessor as bishop). It covers 5596 years. In Book 2, which covers 114 years, the focus moves firmly into Gaul, covering the years up to the death of Clovis in 511. Books 3 and 4, which cover 37 and 27 years respectively, then move fairly swiftly on, closing with the death of king Sigibert in 575. With Book 5, through to the final Book 10, the pace slows markedly, and the detail swells, with only between two and four years covered in each of the last six books, breaking off in 591. These books are organised in annual form, based on the regnal years of Childebert II (r. 575-595/6). There continues to be much discussion over when precisely Gregory wrote specific parts of the Histories, though there is general agreement that none of it was written before 575 and, of course, none of it after Gregory's death, which is believed to have occurred in 594. Essentially, scholars are divided over whether Gregory wrote the Histories sequentially as the years from 575 unfolded, with little or no revision thereafter, or whether he composed the whole work over the space of a few years shortly before his death and after 585 (see Murray 2015 for the arguments on both sides). For an understanding of the political history of the time, and Gregory's attitude to it, precisely when the various books were written is of great importance; but for what he wrote about the saints, the precise date of composition is of little significance, because Gregory's attitude to saints, their relics and their miracles did not change significantly during his writing-life. We have therefore chosen to date Gregory's writing of our entries only within the broadest possible parameters: with a terminus post quem of 575 for the early books of the Histories, and thereafter the year of the events described, and a terminus ante quem of 594, set by Gregory's death. (Bryan Ward-Perkins, David Lambert) For general discussions of the Histories see: Goffart, W., The Narrators of Barbarian History (A.D. 550–800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon (Princeton, 1988), 119–127. Murray, A.C., "The Composition of the Histories of Gregory of Tours and Its Bearing on the Political Narrative," in: A.C. Murray (ed.), A Companion to Gregory of Tours (Leiden and Boston, 2015), 63–101. Pizarro, J.M., "Gregory of Tours and the Literary Imagination: Genre, Narrative Style, Sources, and Models in the Histories," in: Murray, A Companion to Gregory of Tours, 337–374.

Discussion

The identity of the place called Latta is uncertain. Vieillard-Troiekouroff 1976, 465, supposes it was La Chapelle-sur-Loire.

Bibliography

Edition: Krusch, B., and Levison, W., Gregorii episcopi Turonensis Libri historiarum X (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum I.1; 2nd ed.; Hannover, 1951). Translation: Thorpe, L., Gregory of Tours, The History of the Franks (Penguin Classics; London, 1974). Further reading: Murray, A.C., "The Composition of the Histories of Gregory of Tours and Its Bearing on the Political Narrative", in: A.C. Murray (ed.), A Companion to Gregory of Tours (Leiden-Boston 2015), 63-101. Vieillard-Troiekouroff, M., Les monuments religieux de la Gaule d'après les œuvres de Grégoire de Tours (Paris, 1976).