Evidence ID
E01801Saint Name
Mary, Mother of Christ : S00033Type of Evidence
Inscriptions - Formal inscriptions (stone, mosaic, etc.)
Images and objects - Sculpture/reliefsEvidence not before
431Evidence not after
750Activity not before
431Activity not after
750Place of Evidence - Region
Syria with Phoenicia
Syria with Phoenicia
Syria with PhoeniciaPlace of Evidence - City, village, etc
Antioch on the Orontes
Beroia
Refāde/Sitt er-RumPlace of evidence - City name in other Language(s)
Antioch on the Orontes
Thabbora
Thabbora
Beroia
Thabbora
Thabbora
Refāde/Sitt er-Rum
Thabbora
ThabboraCult activities - Non Liturgical Practices and Customs
Prayer/supplication/invocationSource
A stone lintel in a house with a portico, situated in the southwest sector of the town of Refāde, near a tower. There is no published image. For a description of the site, see: Butler 1920, 257-258 and figs. 271-272.
Seen and copied by William Prentice. First published by Prentice in 1922. Republished by René Mouterde and Louis Jalabert in 1939. Prentice says that 'the inscription is incised upon the outer rim of a disk of unusual form'. Letter height 0.04-0.05 m. The initial cross is described as being at the top of the disk, with the preserved part of the inscription occupying the upper right-hand quarter. Within the disk, is a ring with a rope or braid pattern, and within it a hole, 0.36 m in diameter, that almost certainly once contained a sculpted bust of the saint. It is possible that the sculpture was deliberately destroyed.Discussion
The inscription probably labelled a depiction of a female saint, whose name possibly began with Μ. If so, Mary is the most probable candidate - for a similar (painted) depiction of Mary within a circle, see: E01761. Prentice, however, noted that he was sure only about the first three letters, and admitted that his suggested reconstruction might be erroneous.
Dating: The inscription probably dates to Late Antiquity, probably to the pre-Iconoclastic period.Bibliography
Edition:
Mouterde, R., Jalabert, L., Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie, vol. 2: Chalcidique et Antiochène: nos 257-698 (Paris: P. Geuthner, 1939), no. 429.
Prentice, W.K. (ed.), Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria in 1904-1905 and 1909, Division III: Greek and Latin Inscriptions, Section B: Northern Syria (Leyden: E.J. Brill, 1922), 165, no. 1149.
For a description of the site, see:
Butler, H.C. (ed.), Syria, Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria in 1904-1905 and 1909, division II: Ancient Architecture in Syria, part B: North Syria (Leyden: E.J. Brill, 1920), 257-258, figs. 271-272.
