E01236: Gregory of Nazianzus, in his Oration 21 of 379/380, mentions the Life of *Antony ('the Great', monk of Egypt, ob. 356, S00098) by Athanasius of Alexandria, which he describes as a rule for monastic life in the guise of a narrative account. He expresses the hope that a similar life will be written for *Athanasius (bishop of Alexandria, S00294) himself. Written in Greek at Constantinople.
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posted on 2016-03-31, 00:00authored byBryan
Gregory of Nazianzus, Oration 21, On Athanasius of Alexandria (CPG 3010.21; BHG 186), 5. 1-7
‘To tell his full story and praise would take much longer than the present occasion of my talk permits, and would be a subject for a book rather than a panegyric. For me it would be highly desirable to commit these things to a special book for the pleasure and instruction of posterity, just like the life of the divine Antony, which he wrote providing a rule for monastic life in the guise of a narrative account.’
Text: Mossay and Lafontaine 1980 Translation: E. Rizos
History
Evidence ID
E01236
Saint Name
Antony, 'the Great', monk of Egypt, ob. 356 : S00098
Athanasios, bishop of Alexandria, ob. 373 : S00294
Literary - Sermons/Homilies
Literary - Hagiographical - Lives of saint
Language
Greek
Evidence not before
379
Evidence not after
380
Activity not before
360
Activity not after
380
Place of Evidence - Region
Constantinople and region
Place of Evidence - City, village, etc
Constantinople
Place of evidence - City name in other Language(s)
Constantinople
Constantinople
Κωνσταντινούπολις
Konstantinoupolis
Constantinopolis
Constantinople
Istanbul
Major author/Major anonymous work
Gregory of Nazianzus
Cult activities - Non Liturgical Practices and Customs
Transmission, copying and reading saint-related texts
Cult Activities - Protagonists in Cult and Narratives
Ecclesiastics - bishops
Source
Gregory was born in c. 330 to a wealthy Christian family in Cappadocia. He was educated at Nazianzos, Kaisareia/Caesarea, Athens, and Alexandria, and in 361 he returned to Nazianzos where he was ordained priest by his father, Gregory the Elder, who was bishop of Nazianzos. He was ordained bishop of Sasima in Cappadocia by Basil of Caesarea in 372, but stayed in Nazianzos, administering the local community after the death of his father. After retreating as a monk in Isauria for some years, he moved to Constantinople in 379, in order to lead the struggle for the return of the city to Nicene Orthodoxy. Two years later, the Arians were ousted by the emperor Theodosius I, and Gregory became bishop of Constantinople. In 381, he convened the Council of Constantinople, at the end of which he resigned his throne and retired to Cappadocia where he died in 390.
Oration 21 belongs to Gregory’s Constantinopolitan period, and was probably composed and delived in 379 or 380 for a memorial held on the anniversary of Athanasius' death (2 May 373). On the manuscript tradition of this oration, see Mossay and Lafontaine 1980, 103-109 and:
http://pinakes.irht.cnrs.fr/notices/oeuvre/7589/
Discussion
This is the earliest reference to the Life of Antony, which had been written about twenty years earlier by Athanasius (E00631). The text had a wide and rapid success, and, as this phrase suggests, it was immediately established as model for hagiography: Gregory expresses the wish that a Life of Athanasius is produced according to its model. This did not happen until much later.
Bibliography
Text and French translation:
Mossay, J., and Lafontaine, G., Grégoire de Nazianze, Discours 20-23 (Sources chrétiennes 270; Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1980), 86-193.
English Translation:
Schaff, P., and Wace, H. (eds.), A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: Second Series. Vol. 7 (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1894), 269-280.
Further reading:
Bernardi, J., La prédication des pères Cappadociens (Université de Paris, Sorbonne, 1968).
Daley, B.E., Gregory of Nazianzus (The Early Church Fathers; London: Routledge, 2006).
McGuckin, J.A., St Gregory of Nazianzus: An Intellectual Biography (Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2001).
Gwynn, D.M., Athanasius of Alexandria: Bishop, Theologian, Ascetic, Father (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).