E01155: Bronze leaf with a charm invoking God, the Archangels *Michael (S00181) and *Raphael (S00481), and other figures, as protectors from injuries. Probably Christian, Jewish or syncretistic. Found at Hierapolis (Phrygia, west central Asia Minor). Probably late antique.
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posted on 2016-02-26, 00:00authored bypnowakowski
A bronze leaf, folded and enclosed in a silver tube. H. 0.082 m; W. 0.041 m. Found in a tomb, in the northern necropolis at Pamukkale (ancient Hierapolis).
'I adjure you by God who founded the earth and the heavens, I adjure you by the angels, Cherubim, the harmony (above?), Michael, Raphael, Abrasax, [- - -] to be averted fro[m] injury.'
Text and translation: Aydaş 2004, no. 6.
History
Evidence ID
E01155
Saint Name
Michael, the Archangel : S00181
Raphaēl, the Archangel : S00481
Cult activities - Non Liturgical Practices and Customs
Prayer/supplication/invocation
Cult Activities - Miracles
Exorcism
Cult Activities - Cult Related Objects
Other
Discussion
The inscription is a charm that was presumably used by its owner in life as an amulet protecting him/her from injuries. Lines 10-11 contain the names of Michael and Raphael the archangels, but Angelos Chaniotis and Ioannis Mylonopoulos doubt the purely Christian character of this text. This is because lines 11-12 contain a reference to Abrasax, a creature known from magical spells. They say that the charm could have been made by a Jewish or pagan (syncretistic) magician. The inscription was, nevertheless, conditionally included in the Inscriptiones Christianae Graecae database by Ulrich Huttner.
For the (ἐν)ορκίζω formula, see: E00798, E01296.
Bibliography
Edition:
Aydaş, M., "New Inscriptions from Asia Minor", Epigraphica Anatolica 37 (2004), no. 6.
Inscriptiones Christianae Graecae database, no. 930: http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ica/icamainapp/inscription/show/930
Further reading:
Chaniotis, A., Mylonopoulos, J., "Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion, 2004", Kernos 20 (2007), 245, no. 11.
Huttner, U., "Der Fluch des Apostels. Magie in den Philipusakten", in: L. Popko and others (eds.) Von Sklaven, Pächtern und Politikern. Beiträge zum Alltag in Ägypten, Griechenland und Rom. Δουλικὰ ἔργα zu Ehren von Rheinhold Scholl (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2012), 25-26, note 45.
Reference works:
Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum 54, 1344.