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E00849: The Dialogues on *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. c. 397, S00050), written in Latin by Sulpicius Severus in Primuliacum (south west Gaul), c. 404-406, advertise the world-wide success of the Life of Martin by the same author.

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posted on 2015-11-10, 00:00 authored by robert
Sulpicius Severus, Dialogues (Gallus) 23.3-6

Sed referam tibi sane, quo liber iste penetrarit, et quam nullus fere in orbe terrarum locus sit, ubi non materia tam felicis historiae peruulgata teneatur. primus eum Romanae urbi uir studiosissimus tui Paulinus inuexit: deinde cum tota certatim urbe raperetur, exultantes librarios uidi, quod nihil ab his quaestuosius haberetur, siquidem nihil illo promptius, nihil carius uenderetur. Hic nauigationis meae cursum longe ante praegressus, cum ad Africam ueni, iam per totam Carthaginem legebatur. Solus eum Cyrenensis ille presbyter non habebat, sed me largiente descripsit. Nam quid ego de Alexandria loquar? ubi paene omnibus magis quam tibi notus est. Hic Aegyptum, Nitriam, Thebaidam ac tota Memphitica regna transiuit.

'But I will relate to you to what places that book has penetrated, and how there is almost no spot upon earth in which the subject of so happy a history is not possessed as a well-known narrative. Paulinus, a man who has the strongest regard for you, was the first to bring it to the city of Rome; and then, as it was greedily laid hold of by the whole city, I saw the booksellers rejoicing over it, inasmuch as nothing was a source of greater gain to them, for nothing commanded a readier sale, or fetched a higher price. This same book, having got a long way before me in the course of my traveling, was already generally read through all Carthage, when I came into Africa. Only that presbyter of Cyrene whom I mentioned did not possess it; but he wrote down its contents from my description. And why should I speak about Alexandria? For there it is almost better known to all than it is to yourself. It has passed through Egypt, Nitria, the Thebaid, and the whole of the regions of Memphis.'

Text: Fontaine 2006. Translation: Roberts 1894.

History

Evidence ID

E00849

Saint Name

Martin, bishop of Tours (Gaul), ob. 397 : S00050

Saint Name in Source

Martinus

Type of Evidence

Literary - Hagiographical - Other saint-related texts

Language

  • Latin

Evidence not before

397

Evidence not after

406

Activity not before

397

Activity not after

406

Place of Evidence - Region

Gaul and Frankish kingdoms

Place of Evidence - City, village, etc

Primuliacum

Place of evidence - City name in other Language(s)

Primuliacum Tours Tours Toronica urbs Prisciniacensim vicus Pressigny Turonorum civitas Ceratensis vicus Céré

Major author/Major anonymous work

Sulpicius Severus

Cult activities - Non Liturgical Practices and Customs

Composing and translating saint-related texts

Cult Activities - Protagonists in Cult and Narratives

Merchants and artisans Ecclesiastics - monks/nuns/hermits

Source

Sulpicius Severus, an aristocrat and friend of Paulinus of Nola, was converted to the ascetic life under Martin's influence and founded a monastic community on his estate of Primuliacum in Aquitaine. There, c. 404/406 he wrote the Dialogues on Martin of Tours, known also as the Gallus, a few years after its hero's death (397). The Dialogues pretend to be a record of a two-day friendly talk held in Sulpicius' community by a small group of monks from the circle of Sulpicius and Martin. It was the final part of Sulpicius' writings about Martin, following the Vita (for an overview, see E00692) and three letters (see E00635, E00691, E00693). All these texts present Martin as a perfect monk, bishop and miracle-worker. Sulpicius Severus argues that there is no contradiction between being a good bishop and a monk, and even that only a monk makes a good bishop. This apology was needed, since ascetic monasticism was a novel and controversial idea, and the Gallic episcopacy was generally reluctant to accept it. The Dialogues also emphasise that Martin surpassed the famous monks of Egypt - he performed greater miracles living in more difficult condition, for he was living in a hostile environment and was deprived of the luxury of solitude. For an overview of the Dialogues, see E00845.

Discussion

We may doubt that the Life of Martin was indeed read in every region of the Mediterranean, as its author claims, all the more so as no Greek translation of this text from this period is attested. It is interesting to note that Sulpcius Severus finds it normal that this kind of literature is being sold and bought in bookshops, and not copied and read only in ascetic circles.

Bibliography

Edition and French translation: Fontaine, J., Sulpice Sévère, Gallus. Dialogues sur les «vertus» de saint Martin (Sources Chrétiennes 510; Paris: Cerf, 2006). English translation: Roberts, A., Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. Second Series, vol. 11 (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1894). Further reading: Stancliffe, C., Saint Martin and his Hagiographer: Miracle and History in Sulpicius Severus (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983). Vogüé, A. de, Histoire littéraire du mouvement monastique dans l'antiquité. Vol. 4 (Paris: Cerf, 1997), 93-156.

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    Evidence -  The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity

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