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E00764: Prudentius in his Latin Crowns of the Martyrs (Peristephanon), in a poem on the martyrdom of *Emeterius and Celidonius (soldier and martyrs of Calahorra in Spain, S00410), written c. 400 in Calahorra (northern Spain) tells of miracles taking place at the graves of Emeterius and Celidonius and mentions their feast.

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posted on 2015-10-12, 00:00 authored by mtycner

Liber Peristephanon, Poem I.94-120

Prudentius refers to the martyrdom of Emeterius and Chalidonius (E00761). He then tells at length of a man being cleansed from an evil spirit at the time of their martyrdom, and mentions healings which take place at the martyrs' graves. He concludes (verses 115-120):

115 Hoc bonum saluator ipse quo fruamur praestitit,
martyrum cum membra nostro consecrauit oppido,
sospitant quae nunc colonos quos Hiberus adluit.

State nunc, hymnite, matres, pro receptis paruulis!
Coniugum salute laeta uox maritarum strepat!
120 Sit dies haec festa nobis, sit sacratum gaudium!

'This blessing the Saviour himself bestowed for our advantage when He consecrated the martyrs' bodies in our town, where now they protect the folk who dwell by Ebro's waters. Stand now, ye mothers, and sing hymns for little ones given back to you; let wives' voices sound loud in gladness for the recovery of their husbands; let us hold festival this day (sit dies haec festa nobis) and consecrate our joy.'

Text: Cunningham 1966: 255-256. Translation: Thomson 1953, 106-107. Summary: M. Tycner.

History

Evidence ID

E00764

Saint Name

Emeterius and Celidonius, soldier martyrs of Calahorra (Spain), ob.? : S00410

Related Saint Records

https://oxford.figshare.com/articles/Emeterius_and_Celidonius_soldiers_and_martyrs_of_Calahorra/13730254

Type of Evidence

Literary - Poems Literary - Hagiographical - Accounts of martyrdom

Language

Latin

Evidence not before

395

Evidence not after

405

Activity not before

395

Activity not after

405

Place of Evidence - Region

Iberian Peninsula

Place of Evidence - City, village, etc

Calahorra

Place of evidence - City name in other Language(s)

Calahorra Osset Osset Osen (castrum) Osser castrum

Major author/Major anonymous work

Prudentius

Cult activities - Liturgical Activity

Chant and religious singing

Cult activities - Festivals

Saint’s feast

Cult activities - Places

Burial site of a saint - tomb/grave

Cult activities - Non Liturgical Practices and Customs

Saint as patron - of a community

Cult Activities - Miracles

Miracle after death Miraculous protection - of communities, towns, armies Healing diseases and disabilities Miracle at martyrdom and death Exorcism

Cult Activities - Protagonists in Cult and Narratives

Women Children

Source

Aurelius Prudentius Clemens (348–after 405) was a Christian aristocrat from Calahorra in the Spanish province of Tarraconensis. He was a high official in the imperial bureaucracy in Rome, but withdrew from public life, returned to Calahorra, and dedicated himself to the service and celebration of God. Most of what we know about his biography comes from the preface to the ensemble of his works, which can be reliably dated to 404 (Cunningham 1966, 1-2), and other autobiographical remarks scattered throughout his works (for a detailed discussion, see Palmer 1989, 6-31). He composed several poetical works, amongst them the Peristephanon (literally, On the Crowns [of the Martyrs]), a collection of fourteen poems of different length describing martyrdoms of saints. We do not know exactly at which point in his literary career Prudentius wrote the preface (possibly at the very end, just before publication); for attempts at a precise dating of the Peristephanon, see Fux 2013, 9, n. 1. The poems in the Peristephanon, written in elegant classical metres, deal mainly with martyrs from Spain, but some of them are dedicated to saints of Rome, Africa and the East. The poems were widely read in the late antique and medieval West, and had a considerable influence on the diffusion of cult of the saints included. In later periods they were sometimes used as hymns in liturgical celebrations and had an impact on the development of the Spanish hymnody. Some indications in the poems suggest that they were written to commemorate the saints on their feast days, but Prudentius probably did not compose them for the liturgy of his time. Rather, they probably provided 'devotional reading matter for a cultured audience outside a church context' (Palmer 1989, 3; see also Chapter 3 in her book).

Discussion

On the poem see E00761. Emeterius and Chelidonius were martyrs from Prudentius' hometown Calahorra in Spain. The poem on them opens his collection, but – unlike in the following hymns – the author focuses less on the martyrdom itself (on which he has little information, see E00763) and more on their cult. Still, he does this in a rather vague way: it is impossible to say whether the exorcism mentioned in our summary takes place during the saints' martyrdom or later. The quoted verses are more explicit: Prudentius encourages women to sing the praise of the saints who healed their children and husbands. He also refers to a festival of Emeterius and Chelidonius taking place in Calahorra. The saints are explicitly described as defenders of Calahorra, in other words as holy patrons of the city. The poem ends with an exhortation to celebrate the feast of the martyrs, but it is not enough to speculate on the liturgical use. The similar motif appears elsewhere in the Peristephanon (e.g. 11.209-210, E04212) but also in Cathemerinon 9.110-111. Later, however, the poem on Emeterius and Chelidonius might have been included in liturgical celebrations. Interestingly, in the 6th century manuscript Ambrosianus D 36 sup (siglum B in the edition of Cunningham; Lowe CLA vol. 3, no. 331) someone in the 7th c. (palaeographical dating by Lowe) added the doxology at the end of the poem (quo beatae Trinitatis concinatur gloria) which reflects a liturgical use (Cunningham 1966, 256 (critical apparatus); Fux 2013, 61-62).

Bibliography

Editions of the Peristephanon: Cunningham, M.P., Prudentii Carmina (Corpus Christianorum Series Latina 126; Turnhout: Brepols, 1966), 251-389. Bergman, J., Prudentius, Carmina (Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 61; Vienna, 1926), 291-431. Translations of the Peristephanon: Eagan, C., Prudentius, Poems (Fathers of the Church 43; Washington D.C.: Catholic University Press, 1962), 95-280. English translation. Thomson, H.J., Prudentius, vol. 2 (Loeb Classical Library; London Cambridge, Mass: W. Heinemann; Harvard University Press, 1953), 98-345. Edition and English translation. Further reading: Fux, P.-Y., Prudence et les martyrs: hymnes et tragédie. Peristephanon 1. 3-4. 6-8. 10. Commentaire, (Fribourg: Academic Press, 2013). Malamud, M.A., A Poetics of Transformation: Prudentius and Classical Mythology (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989). Palmer, A.-M., Prudentius on the Martyrs (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989). Roberts, M., Poetry and the Cult of the Martyrs: The "Liber Peristephanon" of Prudentius (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993).