E00252: After the death of *Pinhas (martyr in Persia, 4th/5th century, S00096) his relics are distributed miraculously amongst seven local monasteries. One bone is taken by a peasant, but, after appropriate miraculous chastisement of the perpetrator, reaches its proper destination, as the foundation-relic for a female monastic community. Account in the Story of Pinhas, written in Syriac sometime after the late 4th century.
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posted on 2015-01-08, 00:00authored bypnowakowski
Story of Pinhas 11-14
For a full summary of this Martyrdom, see $E00251.
'People from the village of Padam came and took relics from the body of holy Mar Pinhas and deposited them with them in their church. Then seven days later they searched for them but did not find them, so they set off for the blessed Mar Yabh, who was at the monastery with his disciple, Barṭaksha, above the village of Zawitha on the Sarya River. When they came to him, they said to him, “Sir, we gathered the relics of a certain saint from the city of Penekh and deposited them with us in the church, but when we looked for them, we did not find them, nor do we know what happened with them.” Holy Mar Yabh said to them, “These relics you took have gone out to seven monasteries at the hands of the holy angels, and now his memorial day is being celebrated in these seven monasteries. I make known to you also that the man that gathered these relics is from the village of Padam, and he actually removed from them a joint from his [Pinhas’] right hand and has kept it among his possessions, and now, because of these things, his son will be tempted by Satan for seventy days.”
And it was so. They carried the boy and brought him to the blessed Mar Yabh at the monastery, but they did not find him there. Barṭaksha, the saint’s disciple, said to them, “My master, Mar Yabh, has gone to see holy Mar Aḥa and to find out how he is.” When the boy’s parents heard this, they thought it over and said, “Come on, let’s go to both of them together.” When they went out to go see holy Mar Aḥa and arrived at the village of Awṣar, just then the boy was tempted, and he stretched out his hand to his collar and found the joint of St. Pinhas and he said to his mother, “Look, mother, for this is the joint that’s been choking me!” His mother said, “Give it here, son,” and she took the pearl and threw it to the ground. Immediately the boy got better.
After they reached the monastic community of Zarnuqa for holy Mar Aḥa, they found the two of them, Mar Yabh and Mar Aḥa, sitting together in conversation. Then the boy’s parents said to them, “Sir, we went to your monastery, Abuna Mar Yabh, but didn’t find you.” The blessed one said to them, “Why did you go there?” They answered, “Because this boy was tempted, and we looked for you so you could pray for him.” He said to them, “Now the boy has gotten better: right from the moment you threw that pearl, because that was the cause of his temptation, and it was choking him.” When his parents heard the part about the pearl, they marveled at the saint’s knowledge. So they went back to see if they might find it, to build a temple over it, but they were unsuccessful, since they had taken it in theft.
At that time, a certain man from the village called Azyak happened to be there – he was passing through on his way to the village of Awṣar for some reason or other. He found the pearl and took it in faith and built a temple over it to the name of the Lord and to holy Mar Pinhas as a resting place for his bones. That man had a sister, a nun, a daughter of the covenant; she came and lived at that convent. Many companions, daughters of the covenant, congregated around her, and the convent was named – as it is to this day – for Mar Pinhas.'
(ed. and trans. McCollum 2013, pp. 14-17, lightly modified)
History
Evidence ID
E00252
Saint Name
Pinhas, Persian martyr, ob. 4th/5th century : S00096
Place of evidence - City name in other Language(s)
Edessa
Edessa
Ἔδεσσα
Edessa
Major author/Major anonymous work
Persian martyrdom accounts
Cult activities - Places
Cult building - independent (church)
Cult Activities - Miracles
Miracle after death
Miraculous behaviour of relics/images
Punishing miracle
Cult Activities - Protagonists in Cult and Narratives
Ecclesiastics - monks/nuns/hermits
Peasants
Cult Activities - Relics
Bodily relic - entire body
Bodily relic - bones and teeth
Discovering, finding, invention and gathering of relics
Privately owned relics
Theft/appropriation of relics
Transfer, translation and deposition of relics
Source
The text presents the account of the life and martyrdom of Pinhas, an ascetic and missionary, who was executed by the order of the Persian governor of the city of Penekh in the Sasanian part of northern Mesopotamia.
The earliest manuscript of the Syriac version of the Story belongs to the 12th century. The editio princeps of the Syriac text: Bedjan 189-1897, v. 4, pp. 208-218; reprinted with an English translation: McCollum 2013. There exists an Arabic version, derived from the Syriac (still unpublished and unstudied): see McCollum 2013, pp. xxii.
As to the question of dating the Story, this is very difficult to establish. The only historical figure mentioned in it is the famous Persian monarch Shapur II (r. 309-379), who features prominently in Syriac hagiographical sources from the Sasanian empire as a paradigmatic persecutor of Christians. One may tentatively suggest then that it was composed sometime after the last decades of the 4th century.
For a recent discussion of the work, see McCollum 2013; Lourié 2014.
Discussion
The extended section at the end of the Story of Pinhas presents a developed account, comprised of several substories, that focuses on the fate of the saint's relics. Its importance lies in the particular stress that the author of this hagiographical text puts on the proper manner of the distribution of relics. He does this by presenting two different and mutually opposed scenarios of relic distribution. According to the normative one, the parts of the saint's body are distributed among seven local monasteries. After that, in a substory about the appropriation of a bone of the saint by a peasant (condemned as 'theft' in the text), an opposite scenario is presented: of the attempted appropriation of relics by a private person. As a result of the miraculous behaviour of the relic, this attempt fails, so that it finds a way to its proper setting, i.e. a female monastic community. Our text thus propagates as the only legitimate setting of saints' relics, their deposition in a monastic community, rather than their private use by laity, reflecting monastic ideology regarding relics.
Given the prominence of this substory, it is possible that the text originated in this female monastery, justifying its dedication to Pinhas, and its possession (through saintly intervention) of one of his relics.
Bibliography
Main editions and translations:
McCollum, A., The Story of Mar Pinḥas (Persian Martyr Acts in Syriac: Text and Translation 2; Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2013).
Further reading:
Lourié, B., “Notes on Mar Pinḥas: A “Nestorian” Foundation Legend; the Liturgy Implied; Polemics against Jewish Mysticism; an Early Christian Apology Used; Syrian Monasticism from Athens,” Scrinium 10 (2014), 422-454.