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E00112: Terracotta moulds for the manufacture of lamps and flasks with Greek inscriptions naming *Onnophrios (Egyptian Anchorite, 4th c., S00055), *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and *Theodore (presumably the soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), from Elephantine, Upper Egypt. Probably 5th–7th c.

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posted on 2014-10-29, 00:00 authored by Bryan
1) On a stamped mould for a flask/ampulla with inscriptions in circular bands on the belly, from Elephantine, dated to the 5th–7th century, the following Greek inscription can be found (SEG 37.1632):

τοῦ ἁγ[ίου] Ὀ̣νόφριος
'of saint Onophrios'

2) Another stamped mould for a lamp shows the following inscription (SEG 37.1626):

τοῦ ἁγίου [Στ]έφανος
'of saint Stephen'

3) Another stamped mould for a lamp shows the following inscription (SEG 37.1625):

ὁ ἅγιος ἄπα Στέφανος
'saint Apa Stephen'

4) A fragmentary mould for a flask/ampulla reads in circular band on the belly (SEG 37.1631):

[- -]ας ἔνδοξον Θεόδο[ρον - -]
'… honoured Theodoros …'

5) On another fragmentary mould for a flask/ampulla in circular band on the belly the saint’s name is lost (SEG 37.1630):

τοῦ ἁγ̣[ίου - -]
'of saint …'

Translation: Gesa Schenke.

History

Evidence ID

E00112

Saint Name

Onnophrios, Egyptian Anchorite Stephen, the First Martyr : S00030 Theodore, soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita : S00480

Saint Name in Source

Ὀ̣νόφριος ἄπα Στέφανος

Type of Evidence

Inscriptions - Inscribed objects Images and objects - Lamps, ampullae and tokens

Language

  • Greek

Evidence not before

400

Evidence not after

699

Activity not before

400

Activity not after

699

Place of Evidence - Region

Egypt and Cyrenaica

Place of evidence - City name in other Language(s)

Hermopolis ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ Ashmunein Hermopolis

Cult activities - Use of Images

  • Commissioning/producing an image

Cult Activities - Cult Related Objects

Oil lamps/candles Other

Source

Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum (SEG) 37.1624–1632.

Discussion

The moulds Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum (SEG) 37.1624–1632 were found together with many others (SEG 37.1624–1632) in a room at the south part of the portico of the temple of Chnoum (Khnum), the Egyptian god and divine potter who created mankind out of clay. This area seems to have been used as a workshop beginning in the 5th century. All moulds are described as 'Coptic' Red Slip Ware terracotta moulds for ampullae and lamps with stamped inscriptions and decorations. A production centre of terracotta ware was situated in Elephantine, producing among other (religious) items also small cult objects for saints, such as Stephen, Theodoros, and Onnophrios.

Bibliography

Edition: Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum (SEG) 37 (1982),1624–1632. Further reading: Ballet, P., and Mahmoud, F., “Moules en terre cuite d’Éléphantine (Musée copte). Nouvelles données sur les ateliers de la région d’Assouan à l’époque byzantine et aux premiers temps de l’occupation arabe,” Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale 87 (1987), 53-72. Loverdou-Tsigarida, K., “Ἐνεπίγραφοι κοπτικοὶ λύχνοι τοῦ Μουσείου Μπενάκη,” Δελτίον τῆς χριστιανικῆς ἀρχαιολογικῆς ἑταιρείας (1970-1972), 130-145. Papaconstantinou, A., Le culte des saints en Égypte des Byzantins aux Abbassides (Paris: CNRS, 2001), 161-162.

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    Evidence -  The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity

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